Energy saving potential analysis applying factory scale energy audit – A case study of food production

An energy audit (EA) is a crucial step in boosting factory energy efficiency and obtaining certification for cleaner manufacturing. The results of a preliminary energy audit carried out at a sizable industrial facility in Jordan that creates some of the most well-known foods in the Middle East are presented in this study. The monthly demand of the factory for diesel ranged from 75,251.545 to 166,666.67 L. The factory energy model which is used to examine the impact of various energy-saving practices on the factory’s primary energy consumption, was developed with the help of the energy audit. It has been established that optimizing the factory’s energy use and the boiler systems' performance with regards to diesel consumption can withstand an expected monthly financial savings of 14205.85 Jordanian Dinar (JD). This has allowed a reduction in energy use of up to 18%. The CO2 harmful emissions were also decreased. Additionally, it is estimated that switching from the proposed motors to energy-efficient motors will cost less overall over time, saving around 3472.314 JD/month or 0.33576/year on average. Moreover, it was discovered that a total of 772.82021 Ton CO2/year emissions may be avoided each year.


Introduction
The Jordanian national development policy now places a strong emphasis on energy saving and industrial pollution reduction. Due to its significance in the goal of low energy consumption, enhanced economic competitiveness, and the reduction of CO 2 emissions, energy efficiency improvement has attracted increasing attention in many industrial sectors. Numerous research has been done from various angles to reduce energy use and CO 2 emissions in the food industry. The depletion of fossil fuels has made the approach to energy consumption more cautious. The variants of renewable energy interaction in the form of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems [1,2], energy-water nexus [3], renewable energy integration (REI) [4,5], PV interaction [6][7][8] have been actively utilized to address the energy intermittency. In this pursuit, unjustified energy consumption in a high standard energy-efficient and sustainable environment is critical in the industrial sector. To resolve this issue, an EA is required which can generate an analysis of energy flows towards energy conservation in an industrial establishment referred mainly by the 1) higher inductive loads, 2) leakage, 3) isolation, 4) ventilation losses, and 5) environmental hazards resulting from pollution [9][10][11][12][13].
Industrial energy efficiency is the main element in the changeover of the economy concerning improved sustainability. For an industrial company, shrinking energy budgets is realized through applying energy-efficient tools, energy-saving revisions, load control, and more energy-efficient actions and measures. The elimination of existing market obstacles and inadequacies hinder the proficient end-use of energy audits. This requires a vital tool in decreasing barriers to energy efficiency in the form of EA to significantly implement the in-house energy controlling program in the industry [14], which is the motivation of this paper, moreover finding solutions to lower operational costs or the amount of energy consumed per unit of product output and thus achieving a potential saving is the main rationale for this energy audit in the factory.
EA is an adequate practice to optimize energy in industrial sites and buildings while diagnosing the operating problems that could affect an energy-efficient operation [15,16]. In the past years, study about energy wastage saving has become a trend and evolved due to energy consumption that leads to a negative influence on the environment [17]. Energy-efficient designs and construction of buildings and properties of the controlled construction of energy decision-makers on the accomplishment of energy-efficiency for the construction sector is a vital and urgent role [18][19][20]. The modeling of industrial enterprise capacity audits based on energy and resource efficiency assessments and the development of a manufacturing model that produces resource-saving and energy-savings modeling, as well as clarification of the basic definitions of energy management information, is studied extensively [21]. Achieving best practices for energy saving in manufacturing areas is important for the awareness that energy saved is energy produced and that much economical cost and saving issues [22]. Exploring the results of energy-efficiency enhancements and investigating the profits attained under several energy-efficiency actions and best practices from energy audits based on case studies in different fields are investigated [23]. The consumption of energy profile of a standard wheel rim industrial plant and a set of maintenance, and economic issues. This may be applied in a complete analysis to achieve energy efficiency in manufacturing to support the selection of the best existing technology [24]. The analysis of the EA of food processing manufacturing and purification and bottling corporation in Ota,  Nigeria was commenced to recognize the main causes of energy in use, find the breaks in energy usage, classify areas to advance energy usage, define the level of consumption of the energy sources, and endorsing policy actions to improve energy savings in the industries sector [25]. The main strategies for reducing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in the Swedish timber sector. This relates to the examination of the technical possibilities for energy efficiency at the process level, as well as the classification of processes and the energy KPIs [26]. Eight sizable industrial buildings owned by a famous Italian automobile manufacturing group had a preliminary energy audit performed on them. The site's buildings had heating energy demands that ranged from 6 to just over 74 kWh/m 3 /year. The factory energy model was created with the help of the energy audit in order to examine the effects of different energy-saving measures on the primary energy consumption of the location and the results were impressive [27]. Using dry process rotary kiln technology, the thermal energy audit analysis of a new generation pyro-processing unit for a cement factory in Iran was conducted. The findings identified the parts of the pyro-processing unit where thermal energy is lost and demonstrated that there is a good balance between the total input and output heat energy [28]. The EA data study of condiment manufacturing in India was explored. This study chiefly emphasizes the approximation of the load factor, energy use, energy savings, and yearly bill savings with a repayment period of the electric motors of the factory Moreover, there were several motors running under loaded circumstances notwithstanding the non-availability of variable frequency drives (VFDs) mounted in the factory [29]. The outcomes of an energy audit in meat processing manufacturing and the comprehensive and practical approaches to energy-saving actions to identify issues that can regulate a possible changeover to sustainable outlines of electricity consumption is addressed [30]. Consideration is consequently turned to the energy efficiency and energy audit issues defining the employment, approval, and spread of these enhancements [31,32]. Energy-efficiency improvements are used in this metaphorical sense to include any measure that results in the delivery of energy usage with a reduction of energy consumption [31][32][33]. The energy conservation in textile industries was studied in Ref. [34]. The policy mechanism of energy efficiency was discussed in Ref. [35]. The industrial boiler energy efficiency and its audit was discussed in Refs. [32][33][34][35][36]. The assessment criteria and energy efficiency of motors and their characteristics were discussed in Refs. [37,38]. The industry energy case studies and their performance measures and best practices were discussed in Refs. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. The focus of this paper is to devise EA for a large-scale industry factory of food production in Al Zarqa district of Jordan while enhancing their energy resources. A graphical abstract of this article can be seen in Fig. 1.   Fig. 2. Framework of the paper.
The main contribution of this work is to identify the: 1) audit objectives, 2) scope and 3) methodology at the Al Kasih Factories Group plant. The audit objective is to identify the main areas of energy-saving opportunities at the Al Kasih Factories Group plant. The scope of the energy audit was to visit the plant and take measures and energy data, then analyze this data and come up with steps to elevate the save opportunities. The energy audit methodology was a walk-through audit with energy surveys and analysis while looking to find the energy and cost-saving venues.
The paper is structured as follows: Section 2 addresses the factory description, materials, and methods. This involves the machines utilized and the methods conducted on the machines. Section 3 presents the results and discussions on the implementation of the EA measures. The conclusion is drawn in Section 4. The framework of the paper can be seen in Fig. 2.

Factory description, materials, and methods
This section describes the factory from different sides such as 1) a general description of the factory, 2) the machines used, and 3) the methods conducted on these machines as a start-up to conduct the energy audit procedures while optimizing the energy usage for achieving energy efficiency and best practices.

Plant overview
In this section, the plant under study is overviewed. The plant is in the Al-Zarqa district, Jordan. The top view is shown in Fig. 3. The coordinates of the plant are 32.0608 • N, 36.0942 • E. The plant was established in 1996 on a land area of 16,470 m 2 . The plant's constructed area is 2390 m 2 . The plant is divided into 9 zones. It uses steam for the sesame drying and roasting. Moreover, a set of electric motors is utilized in the production of Tahini and Halva. Note the plant overview is for Al Kasih Factories Group. The Al Kasih Factories group confirms an informed consent for 1) making the factory information available, 2 process data available, and 3) possible publication of this article built on the information collected.

Plant zones layout description
The plant zone layout can be seen in Figs. 4 and 5. The zone-wise description can be seen as follows.
1) Zone 1: This is the production area for cleaning, dehulling, roasting, and milling. The working hours of this zone are 24 h a day, and 7 days a week. 2) Zone 2: This is the parking area for the Tahini. Here the packing and labelling process also takes place. The working hours of this zone are 8 h a day, 6 days a week. 3) Zone 3: This is the parking area for Halva. Here the packing and labelling process takes place. This zone has working hours of 8 h a day, and 6 days a week. 4) Zone 4: Zone 4 is the sugar processing area where the process of cooking and dissolving the sugar as well as adding the Halva plant roots -"Saponaria officinalis" takes place. This zone has working hours of 8 h a day, and 6 days a week. 5) Zone 5: This is a reception area. It has work timings of 8 h a day, and 6 days a week. 6) Zone 6: This is the office area where the managerial work takes place. This zone has work timings of 8 h a day, and 6 days a week. 7) Zone 7: This is the office of the factory manager. It has working hours of 8 h a day, and 6 days a week. 8) Zone 8: This is the storage area where the finished products are stored for shipping. This zone has working hours of 8 h a day, and 6 days a week. 9) Zone 9: This is a sugar and glucose storage area. This zone has working hours of 8 h a day, and 6 days a week.

Building Characteristics and Construction:
The main entrance of the building is oriented to the northwest which makes it away from direct sunlight in the summer. However, the production Zone area is on the south side which makes it exposed to direct sunlight for a more extended period. This can be analyzed by looking at Figs. 3-5 respectively. The glazing is made on the four sides of the building which works as natural light for the plant during the day working hours. The windows are mostly fixed single-glazed with aluminium frames except for Zone 4, a steel structure extension to the old plant. The glazing for the Zone 4 area is made of fixed transparent fiberglass. There is no cooling system in the plant except for Zone 6 and Zone 7 which are the management offices. For Zone 6 and 7, a 2-ton split unit is utilized. The floors are made of cement except for Zone 5, 6, and 7 which are finished with ceramic. The walls are made of 20 cm prick with 2 cm plaster from inside and outside and no insulation between the bricks except the walls for Zone 4. The walls of Zone 4 are made of 0.5 mm pre-printed corrugated steel sheets with no insulation. The ceiling is constructed of 25 cm reinforced concrete. The windows are mostly fixed single-glazed windows with aluminium frames, which have been there since the opening of the plant in 1996. Therefore, they are not in good shape and require maintenance. The doors are made of steel. The main entrance door is made of steel. The storage door is made from a roll-up steel sheet with a thickness of 0.7 mm.

Food production process description
The method used to make tahini and halva is demonstrated in this section.

Tahani production method
The highest-quality sesame seeds are selected and stored in containers located in computer-programmed and controlled storerooms under special conditions. It is then selected and prepared for the Tahini production process. The sesame seed preparation and dehulling can be seen in Fig. 6. It is shifted through and cleaned of any dirt or dust particles so that it is as clean as possible and ready for production. This is followed by rinsing and peeling off the sesame. After being peeled, the sesame is roasted to elevate its taste giving the Tahini a longer shelf life. Then as depicted in Fig. 7, sesame undergoes another cleaning process for preparing Tahini and is grounded in special and large millstones while maintaining appropriate temperatures and high-quality production conditions. This delicate process is done mechanically through process critical control point (CCP) and control point (CP) without human interference. It is all carried out by sophisticated, precise, computer-programmed machines. After all stages of production are complete, very highquality Tahini is made with innovative and precise machines. This is how a clean, clear, and high-quality product with high nutritional value is processed.

Halva production method
Halva preparations are made following the procedures shown in Fig. 8. It is processed from raw Tahini which is a mixture prepared through the cooking and dissolving process of various sweets as well as halva plant roots -"Saponaria officinalis" is further refined. Many different flavours can be added to this mixture such as: cocoa, pistachio, nuts, coffee, and more. All flavours are completely natural. The Halva is packaged in two sizes and weights: 1) 450 g, and 2) 900 g.

Introduction to the electrical systems in the factory
The electrical system is introduced in this section which involves the lighting system and motors.

Lighting system
Projection lights and neon lighting are used for most of the plant and natural lighting in the morning hours for Zone 4. Note that the lux meter is used here for measuring brightness and intensity with which brightness appears to the human eye.

Motors
The 28 motors inside the factory are listed below in Table 1. This also includes details about the size, use, estimated hours of operation per year, and defining the motors that are forced into the rewinding process. This information is obtained through the maintenance team and recorded data inside the factory. The EA process and motor use will be explained in the block diagrams as where ER denotes the efficiency after the rewinding process percentage, and EN represents the new efficiency model percentage.

2) Calculation of Annual Saving and Payback Period:
The annual saving and the simple payback period can be calculated as follows: Annual saving (JD) = Annual energy saving kWh × 0.081 JD (2) Simple Payback Period (SPP) = Annual saving (JD)/Initial Cost (3)

Introduction to the diesel boiler system in the factory
The boiler is the heart of the heating system and generates thermal energy by burning diesel fuel. In some months, the cost of buying oil is mounted to around 100,000 JD. The factory's boiler generates steam, which is mostly used to roast sesame seeds to enhance their flavour and extend the shelf life of Tahini. The steam is circulated throughout the facility via pipes. The gathered data reveals that the heating system consumes about 90% of the total energy bill.

Boiler efficiency assessment
The boiler efficiency has always been questioned due to the overheating impact on evaporation rate decrease over time, damage to the heat transfer system, and poor performance and maintenance. Even in new boilers, reasons such as deterioration of fuel quality, water quality, etc. Can lead to poor performance of the boiler. The assessment of boiler efficiency can be observed in (4)- (18). 1) Calculation of Boiler Efficiency: Boiler efficiency testing helps detect boiler efficiency deviations from maximum efficiency and target problem area to correct action. Boiler heat efficiency is defined as the percentage of heat input used to generate steam and is given in Eq. (4) as follows: where T fw is the feedwater temperature, T steam is the saturated steam temperature, Cp is the specific heat of superheated steam (0.45 kcal/kg • C). m o diesel is the diesel consumption rate. m o steam is the steam consumption rate and (GCV) is the gross caloric value per kcal/kg of fuel. There are reference standards for boiler testing on-site namely British standard (BS) 845: 1987, and USA standard, American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Power Test Code (PTC)-4-1 generating units' [23].
2) Principles of Boiler Loss: The principles of boiler loss are: 1) loss of heat due to dry gas, 2) loss of heat due to moisture in hot air, 3) loss of heat due to hydrogen burning, 4) loss of heat due to radiation, 5) loss of heat due to non-combustion, 6) loss due to moisture in the fuel, and 7) losses due to hydrogen combustion depends on the fuel and cannot be controlled by design. 3) Data Required to Calculate the Efficiency: The data required to calculate the efficiency of a boiler are: 1) Fuel analysis (H 2 , O 2 , S, C, humidity content, ash content), 2) Percentage oxygen or CO 2 in flue gas F • gas temperature at • C (T f ), 3) Ambient temperature in • C (T a ), 4) Air humidity in kg/kg of dry air, 5) GCV fuel in kcal/kg, and 6) GCV ash in kcal/kg (solid fat) [31,34,41]. The efficiency is found by extracting heat loss fractions from 100 as shown in Fig. 12. Standards do not include blow-down loss in the process of determining efficiency. A detailed procedure for calculating the boiler's efficiency is given below [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42].

4) Heat Losses Percentage Equation:
The percentage heat loss due to dry flue gas is expressed in Eq. (5) as: where, m is the mass of dry flue gas in kg/kg of fuel and C p is the specific heat of flue gas (0.23 kcal/kg • C, m = Combustion products from fuel: CO 2 + SO 2 + Nitrogen in fuel + Nitrogen in the actual mass of air supplied + O 2 in flue gas. (H 2 O/Water vapor in the flue gas should not be considered).

5) Percentage of Heat Loss due to Water Evaporation:
The percentage of heat loss due to evaporation of water formed due to H 2 in fuel can be expressed in Eq. (6) as: where H 2 is the kg of hydrogen in 1 kg of fuel, Cp is the specific heat of superheated steam (0.45 kcal/kg • C).

6) Percentage of Heat Loss Due to Moisture Evaporation:
The percentage of heat loss due to evaporation of moisture present in fuel can be expressed in Eq. (7) as: where M is the kg of moisture in 1 kg of fuel, C p is the specific heat of superheated steam (0.45 kcal/kg • C), 584 is the latent heat corresponding to the partial pressure of water vapor.

7) Percentage of Heat Loss Due to Moisture Present in Air:
The percentage of heat loss due to moisture present in air can be expressed in Eq. (8) as: 12) The Furnace/Kiln Efficiency Analysis: The efficiency is calculated using the gas analyzer. 13) Calculation of Theoretical Air Requirement: Theoretical air requirement can be expressed in Eq. (13) as:

14) Excess Air Supplied (EAS):
The EAS can be described in Eq. (14) as: where S: surface heat loss in kcal/h.m 2 , T s : hot surface temperature in • C , T a : ambient temperature in • C.

17) Calculation of Total Heat Loss:
Total heat loss of fuel is given in the following Eq. (17): where A: surface area in m 2 .

18) Calculation of Equivalent Heat Loss:
The equivalent heat loss of fuel is given by equation (18).

Energy performance analysis
The basic measure of the facility's energy performance is called the Energy Utilization Index (EUI) and it can be calculated by Eq.

ECI =
Total cost in dollar ($) for energy used annually constructed area m2 (20) ECI is very important indicator because it will reflect the saving directly especially if the factory decides to use another source of energy like PV system or concentrating solar power (CSP) system. In this case the EUI will not reflect these changes because it concerns with the number of MJ only.

Information on key EA findings
EA is made to see the potential savings that could be done and if a more detailed audit is necessary. The energy consumption and production data are collected. In addition to that, the boiler efficiency was tested. It was revealed that diesel consumption is ten times more than electricity consumption, as shown in Figs. 13 and 14 and concluded from Table 2 respectively. This depicts that savings in the boiler and steam distribution systems would be a major saving for the factory. The value of the standard deviation along with the coefficient of variation (CV%) are calculated in Table 2, it is clearly shown that the standard deviation is high for both the electrical and the diesel fuel bills due to the fluctuations in the market price, the diesel fuel varies on a monthly basis in Jordan, and in regard to the electrical bills the tariff varies in accordance with based on consumption amount and time in the day.

Key performance indicators
It can be further concluded that the use of diesel makes 90% of the energy consumption at the plant. The high demand for products explains the sudden rise in energy consumption in April, just the month before Ramadan. This makes the demand at this stage to be the highest. The decrease in energy consumption in August is explained by the fact that during Ramadan the production is the lowest. It has also been observed that the rise in diesel consumption in June is due to steam leaks and a major leak respectively. The leaks occur at the machine inlet, whereas the significant leaks occur at the inlet of the feedback tank. Table 2, the EUI can be found through (19) as 29394.84 (MJ/m 2 /yr.). The huge value of EUI came from diesel consumption. All the quantity of diesel was consumed by completely burning inside the boiler to generate the steam that is used in the production processes of food (Tahini and Halava). The ECI through (20) is 649.0725 USD/ m 2 /yr.

Implementing the EA measures
Since the plant is a food production factory where electric motors and steam systems are used to produce food, the main energy consumption systems in the plant are electrically associated with motors, lighting, and small use of air-conditioning at the offices. Moreover, diesel is associated with the steam system utilized for the food production process and the use of steam pipes for heating the plant. Table 1, shows that all motors over 1 hp and with a utilization time of 2000 h per year or greater are likely candidates for replacement by high-efficiency motors. The motor that is forced into the rewinding process should be changed. The efficiency of the motor has been reduced by 2% after the rewound process. New motor models have higher efficiency than the old model with an estimated efficiency of 93-95%. This shows that there is a high potential saving of electrical energy by changing the old model of the motor with a new high-efficiency model [38,43,44]. According to the data above, motors # 4, 8, 12, 13, 14, 20, 22, 24, 25, and 28 should be changed. This can also be seen in Table 3 which shows the list of motors that should be changed with annual saving and simple payback period (SPP) calculations. Fig. 13. Diesel consumption cost. Table 3 shows the total SPP of the proposed motor replacement. It is evaluated to be on average 0.33576 (yr) with a financial saving of about 4166.776 JD/month. Table 4 shows energy use and energy cost analysis for the electrical system after auditing respectfully. The energy cost analysis for the electricity consumption before and after the audit is shown in the graphs plotted in Figs. 15 and 16 respectively. Table 4 reveals the tangible saving/month after motors replacement to be around 3472.314 JD/month. In other words, the reduction percentage in electrical power consumption which took place for the electrical system as indicated by the difference between the coefficient of variation (CV%) after the EA and the coefficient of variation (CV%) before the EA which is 11.357% due to the reduction of the average annual electrical power consumption which resulted from the energy audit.

Implementing the EA measures for the electrical consuming loads
Moreover, it is also recommended to reduce the monthly electricity bill to an absolute minimum. This is feasible by installing a PV system to feed the factory with the needed power and replacing all the lighting units and fixtures with light-emitting diode (LED) lighting units. Moreover, the two air conditioning units found in the two offices needs to be changed with energy-saving units containing inverters. The impact of the lighting and air-conditioning after replacement on the overall electrical bill is low so they are not included in the analysis.

Implementing the EA measures for the boiler system
The following is the data for a diesel-fired steam boiler in the factory.    2) The Furnace Efficiency: The following data is tabulated using the gas analyzer of type NOVA plus. The furnace efficiency is 90.6% as shown in Table 5.

Measures to improve the boiler performance are implemented in accordance with related references and research as follows bearing in mind that maintenance workers do the measures and would not cost extra money
1) Providing an Accurate Amount of Combustible Air: Increasing the combustion efficiency ensure that the fuel is completely burned by providing the right amount of combustible air given in (13)- (15). Too much air will reduce efficiency due to the air traps. There is a recommended amount of excess air in each type of fuel combustion, and it is 15% of the oil system. Boiler efficiency can increase by 1% for every 15% reduction in excess air. A study of the gas analyzer showed that the excess air is 51%, by reducing the amount of excess air by 15% boiler efficiency will increase by 2% [39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. After adjusting the amount of air, the boiler efficiency will increase, and thus the fuel consumption will decrease by the same percentage. The amount of fuel saving percentage is equal to (51%-15%)/15% = 2.4%. Also, (m  Table 6 will save a huge amount of fuel consumption. The type of insulation used inside the factory was 65 mm glass wool with aluminum cladding. There are some uninsulated pipes in which the insulation was broken or removed. The length and diameter of uninsulated pipes were measured. To calculate the losses, the heat losses after insulation are calculated as follows: Repeat the same procedure by changing the surface temperature to 65 • C (Surface temperature after insulation) so THLF after insulation = 2699.03 kg/yr and ΔTHLFF = 25578.03 kg/yr which is equivalent to 30091.8 l/yr which yields Fuel cost = Δ THLF × 0.6JD = 18055.08 JD/yr. = 1504.59 JD/ mo. 4) Fixing the Steam Traps: Fixing the steam traps that is stuck sometimes is done locally by the maintenance workers and would not cost extra money. Fuel-saving from maintaining and checking the steam traps is estimated to be 10% and if the factory decides to install the automated monitor on steam traps, then this will generate extra saving. This extra saving is estimated to be 5% [37,39,[45][46][47][48]. Diesel fuel consumption before maintaining steam traps is (m •• diesel ) before = 191.644 l/h, whereas diesel fuel consumption after maintaining steam traps would be reduced to 10% [32,39] Table 7 associated with Figs. 17 and 18.
It has been verified that in this definite case, the enhancement of the factory energy usages covers and the optimization of the performances of the current boiler systems can limit a decrease of diesel consumption up to 16.63% on average per month with an anticipated monthly financial saving of the order of 14205.85 JD/month. In other words, the reduction percentage in diesel fuel consumption which took place for the boiler system as indicated by the difference between the coefficient of variation (CV%) after the EA and the coefficient of variation (CV%) before the EA which is 4.024% due to the reduction of the average annual diesel fuel consumption which resulted from the energy audit.

Environmental impact mitigation
The amount of kg CO 2 saving/yr. that results from applying energy audit measures for the diesel boiler system is as follows [33]. Each kg of diesel fuel burning gives 3.2 kg CO 2 . Amount of diesel fuel saving per month = 23677.09 l/mo. Amount of diesel fuel saving per year = 284125.08 l/yr = 241506.31 kg/yr. CO 2 saving per year = 241506.31 (kg/yr.) × 3.2 = 772820.21 kg/yr = 772.82021 Ton CO 2 /yr.

Further discussions
The further discussions in this part show that the present data were collected from factory-registered data at the time of this energy audit research to acquire 1) accurate evaluations, 2) measurements, 3) analyses, and 4) applications for energy accounting and effective factory energy management. The information gathered is primarily used to pinpoint energy-saving measures (ECMs) that are impairing plant performance as well as to quantify and confirm energy savings.

Potential savings
The potential savings can be attained by adhering to the suggestions of an expert in the energy audit report by implementing those actions and keeping up with new technologies in the energy audit domains. It is suggested to 1) gather data from utility bills, 2) examine meter data, 3) search for cost-saving alternatives, and 4) track your progress to maintain ongoing energy savings.

Analysis of energy use and energy savings
A case study of a condiment industry in India [29] serves as similar research in the same field that validates the results of the energy audit and the actions performed in this research. As part of an energy audit technique utilized by many businesses, a qualified team keeps an eye on, investigates, and analyses the energy flow inside the facility. This is how the energy audit was put into practice. To choose the optimal line of action for energy saving, this is done. It entails a variety of steps, including lowering carbon footprint, energy costs, and usage. Energy auditing techniques are used at the plant to identify ways to reduce facility operating expenses and/or the amount of energy used to produce one unit of output. The three phases of the audit are 1) the pre-audit phase, 2) the audit phase, and 3) the post-audit phase. The following topics are included in an energy audit coverage: 1) Boilers, 2) lighting, and 3) other energy-producing or energy-converting machinery. The main goal of an energy audit is to find ways to lower operating expenses or energy usage per unit of output. The next area for further study at the factory for the energy audit is suggested to be energy distribution   networks, water, condensate, compressed air, and other energy generation/conversion equipment, such as furnaces, pumps, fans, compressors, and transformers.

Conclusion
An efficient energy cost reduction is vital for expanding the effectiveness of an enterprise. This can be achieved by the controlled means of an EA. The awareness of EA is not only a tangible prospect for the enterprises but also one of the prioritized requirements anticipated by the industrial giants. In this paper, an effective EA of an industrial site for food production is implemented. It has been ensured here how the energy audit allows for gathering information that is very valuable to describe a factory's energy state. It further utilizes the energy steadiness of the factory for investigation. By means of the factory energy state, it is possible to 1) revise the influence of probable enhancements of the site, 2) attain and mitigate environmental pollution, and 3) shrink energy budgets. A sequence of potential energy-saving activities has been recommended. For each recommendation, the expected energy saving per month has been calculated by using the factory energy-efficient measures. The pay-back time linked to a motor has also been calculated. The study has also shown that it is possible to implement a series of energy tradeable measures, such as 1) thermal insulation, 2) leaking treatment, and 3) steam traps of boilers. This can yield a saving of about 14205.85 JD/month. The factory will use the outcomes of this energy audit for the characterization of its future energy-saving policy. It can also be structured for implementation on other factory sites too.